Acrocyanosis

Synonym(s)

None

Definition

Persistent dusky discoloration and coolness of the hands and feet

Pathogenesis

Decreased basal flow through the acral cutaneous microcirculation; theories of causation: defective arteriolar physiology; blood viscosity abnormalities; elevated endothelin-1 levels and exaggerated responses of this molecule to cold stimulation

Clinical manifestation

Violaceous discoloration of the distal extremities; nose, lips, nipples, and ears possibly also involved; worsens with cold exposure; may be associated